Introduction - Remote Sensing for the Northeast Asian Seas
Dr. Hiroshi KAWAMURA, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Japan
Day1, 2007/9/3
The Asian coastal seas, our living area, face a variety of difficulties
(i.e. marine environmental problems, coastal hazards, marine safety,
etc.). Their throats enhanced by the global changes are transported
crossing the national boundaries. In order to detect the throats and
treat them properly, we need high-resolution information on the present
status of oceans. Advanced coastal ocean observing systems have been
developed for global coastal seas through supports of the international
frameworks. Recent intensive efforts of the earth observing communities
have realized satellite components of the global ocean observing
system. They are functioning for monitoring the open oceans, but their
applications for the Asian coastal seas are our challenge. Research and
development of the remote sensing applications have been continuing
from the past decade to the present. This lecture introduces the
advanced ocean remote sensing and its roles in observations of the
Asian coastal seas.
Material (PDF)Atmospheric Correction and Bio-optical Algorithm for Ocean Color Remote Sensing
Dr. Ichio Asanuma, Tokyo University of Information Sciences, Japan
Day1, 2007/9/3
The atmospheric correction will be discussed for the first part of the
lecture as the pre-processing of ocean color remote sensing. The
atmospheric correction includes the traditional method to the current
approach using the short wave infrared. In the second part, the
bio-optical algorithm is introduced to estimate chlorophyll-a
concentration, diffuse attenuation coefficient and colored dissolved
organic matter. Through these discussions, trainees may understand the
basic of pre-processing to estimate geophysical values. Material 1 (PDF) Material 2 (PDF)Introduction of Satellite Data Distribution System
Dr. Joji Ishizaka, Faculty of Fisheries, Nagasaki University, Japan
Day1, 2007/9/3
Some of the useful satellite data distribution system will be
introduced during the lecture. Trainees can learn how to order and
obtain satellite data images and products from various satellite data
distribution systems such as NASA ocean color web, Marine Environmental
Watch Project Homepage and JAXA MODIS Near Real time Data System.
Through the lecture, trainees are expected to understand the
differences among the various satellite data systems. Material (PDF)Operational Oceanographic Data Exchange and NEAR-GOOS Regional Real Time Data Base
Mr. Takashi Yoshida, Japan Meteorological Agency, Japan
Day1, 2007/9/3
Operational oceanographic data exchange has a long history since the
XBT water temperature profile data exchange through the GTS started in
1970’s. During past 30 years, in situ ocean observing network has been
steadily strengthened under international frameworks, by introducing
new observation technology, such as autonomous surface drifter and
profiling float, and now the network has well grown up to cover almost
all the global oceans. Recent evolution of information technology has
dramatically widened the use of operational oceanographic data in order
to meet the increasing requirement of ocean environment monitoring. In
this lecture, major operational ocean observing systems and its data
exchange, together with the NEAR-GOOS Regional Real Time Data Base,
which works as an interface between wide range of oceanographic data
users and the operational observing system, are introduced. Material (PDF)Introduction of RDMDB (NEAR-GOOS) & Data Management at JODC
Mr. Eiji Mukainaka, Japan Oceanographic Data Center, Japan Coast Guard, Japan
Day1, 2007/9/3
The oceanographic/marine meteorological data in the NEAR-GOOS region
are maintained on two databases operated by JMA and JODC. One of the
databases is the RRTDB operated by JMA, and another one is the RDMDB
operated by JODC. Firstly, the RDMDB database, such as the contents,
data flow and website, is introduced at this lecture. JODC was
established in 1965 for fulfilling the role of the synthetic marine
data bank of Japan. JODC has been carrying out correcting, processing,
archiving ocean data since it was established. Secondly, activities of
JODC as the role, such as quality control of oceanographic data, FETI
format that is one of data formats designed by JODC, and JODC-Data
Online Service System, are introduced at this lecture. Finally, an
international data exchange system is introduced. Material (PDF)Introduction to software for satellite data analysis - with an emphasis on SeaWiFS Data Analysis System
Mr. Genki Terauchi, Special Monitoring & Coastal Environment Assessment Regional Activity Centre, NOWPAP, UNEP
Day1, 2007/9/3
SeaWiFS Data Analysis System (SeaDAS), one of the most useful software
for processing and analysis of ocean color data develop by NASA, will
be introduced during the lecture. Trainee will learn how to visualize,
annotate and obtain statistic information using basic function of
SeaDAS. Some simple shell scripts for batch processing time series of
ocean color data will also be introduced. Thorough the lecture trainees
may become familiar with the basic functions and features of SeaDAS. Material (PDF)The Optic Properties and Regional Ocean Color Algorithms for the Case-II Waters in China Seas
Dr. Junwu Tang, National Satellite Ocean Application Service, State Oceanic Administration, China
Day2, 2007/9/4
The commonly used Ocean Color algorithms, such as OC2 and OC4, are not
suitable for the turbid coastal waters in China Seas, new algorithms
must be derived. To achieve this goal, we have conducted some Case-II
ocean color specific cruises. The measurement techniques were based on
NASA ocean color validation protocols, with some refinement for case-II
waters. With these data set, regional in-water algorithms were derived,
including the statistic chlorophyll-a, sediment and CDOM retrieval
algorithms as well as semi-analytic algorithms based regional IOP
measurements. Also, some hints for atmosphere correction algorithm in
highly turbid waters are also given in this lecture. Material (PDF)Validation of Ocean Color Remote Sensing Data in Korea
Dr. Sang-Woo Kim, Nation Fisheries research & Development Institute, Korea
Day2, 2007/9/4
Among the satellite data provided by various space agencies, ocean
color is the measure of spectral characteristics of water-leaving
radiance and comparable to the visible inspection of the watercolor. In
ocean color remote sensing, the algorithm for the estimation of
chlorophyll-a concentration in open-ocean is almost ready for practical
use. However, the relationship between ocean color and coastal seawater
constituents are not as simple as in the open-ocean, due to the
influence of suspended sediment etc on the optical characteristics of
seawater, and also due to the influence of absorbing aerosols. In order
to evaluate the usefulness of remote sensing techniques as a monitoring
tool for the marine environment including coastal area in Korea, NFRDI
and KORDI were conducted in Korean waters including the northern East
China Sea. In this lecture, I would like to introduce about the case
studies for validation of ocean color data in Korea. Material (PDF)Satellite-based Red-Tide Detection/Monitoring
Dr. Hiroshi KAWAMURA, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Japan
Day2, 2007/9/4
Because of enhanced eutrophication in the Asian coastal seas, red-tides
frequently suffer human marine activities and degrade environmental
conditions in the coastal zone. Since detection of the red-tide leads
following actions for mitigating its influences, the red-tide in situ
observation system has been developed as an operational function.
Recently, it is proven that the high-resolution visible radiometers are
capable of detecting the red-tide phenomena, which change color of the
ocean surface drastically. Examples of the satellite-based red-tide
detection/monitoring are lectured with basic features of red-tides
(remote sensing aspects). Validation of the satellite-based red-tide
detection has been conducted in the Seto Inland Sea using the existing
red-tide monitoring system, which give us a hint for future research
and development. The other satellite-based parameters (e.g., SST, solar
radiation, surface winds) are considered to be useful for research and
monitoring of the red tides. Challenge is to include the new
satellite-based technology in the present monitoring system, which will
be also discussed in the lecture. Material (PDF)Introduction to Eutrophication Monitoring Guidelines by Remote Sensing for the NOWPAP Region and Case Study in Toyama Bay
Dr. Joji Ishizaka, Faculty of Fisheries, Nagasaki University, Japan
Day3, 2007/9/5
Eutrophication is the phenomenon of enrichment of aquatic ecosystem
through increasing loads of nutrients. Coastal areas of the China,
Japan and Korea are densely populated and the ability to monitor the
health of theses area is required to sustain a quality environment.
Although eutrophication is a rare event in Russian waters, monitoring
of their quality is also required due to the increased agriculture and
industry activity and variable coastal run-off. To monitor and assess
eutrophication phenomenon by satellite remote sensing, guidelines for
eutrophication monitoring were made by the framework of international
cooperation within NOWPAP. This lecture will introduce the contents of
the guidelines and a case study conducted in Toyama Bay, Japan. Material (PDF) Case Studies of Red Tide
Dr. Joji Ishizaka, Faculty of Fisheries, Nagasaki University, Japan
Day3, 2007/9/5
Ocean color remote sensing can detect change of ocean color caused by
increase or decrease of phytoplankton. Red tide is known as
discoloration of water with increase of phytoplankton and often causes
problems to human activities, such as fish kill for aquaculture. Here I
discuss about how satellite data can be used to detect red tide in
Ariake Bay, which is small-enclosed bay near Nagasaki. I further
discussed time series analysis of chlorophyll concentration data from
ocean color satellite and the qualitative analysis with comparison to
various environments in the area. Material (PDF) Measurements of Ocean Optical Properties for Sea Truth
Dr. Joji Ishizaka, Faculty of Fisheries, Nagasaki University, Japan
Day4, 2007/9/6
In order to understand satellite derived ocean color products, in many
cases, it is necessary to measure in situ ocean optical properties.
NASA published series of protocols for ocean optics (Ocean Optics
Protocols for SeaWiFS/Satellite Ocean Color Sensor Validation), and
they are good references for the measurements. Normalized water leaving
radiances are most typical ocean color products, and it can be verified
with in-water or above-water measurements of radiances and irradiances.
Chlorophyll-a, CDOM and total suspended matter (TSM) are typically
measured in situ and used for the satellite products. Methods of the
measurements are outlined in this lecture. Material (PDF) Monitoring of Oil Pollution with the Use of Satellite Imagery
Dr. Leonid M. Mitnik, V.I. Il'ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia
Day5, 2007/9/7
Oil pollution belongs to the most widespread man-caused emergency
situations considerably harming natural ecosystems and different types
of economic activity, fishing, tourism, and other. As the demand for
oil based products increases, shipping routes will consequently become
much busier, the likelihood of slicks occurring in the NOWPAP region is
increasing. Remote sensing allows to detect and monitor oil spills,
support response operations in case of maritime accidents, provide an
early warning of possible threats to coastal areas in time to take
counter-measures, measure the state of NOWPAP area variations and
trends to inform policymaking and assess the success or otherwise of
action taken. Among the different tools for monitoring oil spills are
the use of remote sensing from airplanes and satellites. Monitoring of
oil pollution as well as its impact on the environment are not only
related to the quantity but also depend on location, season, ocean
depth, meteorological and oceanic conditions. Behavior of oil at sea is
shortly reviewed before detailed consideration of remote sensing
techniques of oil spills with microwave radiometers, passive hyper
spectral sensors, active fluorescence lasers and satellite Synthetic
Aperture Radar (SAR). ERS-1, ERS-2, Envisat and ALOS SAR images of the
NOWPAP area with the revealed oil spills as well as the dark features
caused by natural slicks, wind shadows and other phenomena are
discussed. Description of CEARAC-POI web site “Oil spill monitoring by
remote sensing” (http://cearac.poi.dvo.ru/) is given. Material (PDF)Introduction to NGSST and SST Application for Monitoring of Ocean Environment
Dr. Kyung-Ae Park, Seoul National University, Korea
Day5, 2007/9/7
Sea surface temperature (SST) is a key parameter to understand diverse
physical and biogeochemical processes in the upper ocean. Its variation
gives us a hint to understand air-sea interaction processes, heat
fluxes, gas exchanges, and so on. Long-term variation of SST gives
evidence of global warming, more accelerated recently, results in rapid
climate change. Global SST warming occurs not only in the open ocean
but in the regional and coastal region where we are living through
multiple air-sea feedbacks. SST is one of the most important and
substantial parameters to cope with global/regional warming issues and
earth environmental changes. Diverse time/space resolution of satellite
sensors enable us to study various scales of oceanic phenomena and
provides us with time-series SST as an input of atmosphere-ocean
coupled numerical prediction models. NGSST (New-generation SST) has
been distributed since 2003 and well operating so far. This lecture
introduces the NGSST and several applications of SST for monitoring the
ocean environmental change in the Northeast Asian seas. Material (PDF) Hands-on Practice on WIM/WAM
Dr. Mati Kahru, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, USA
Day1-5, 2007/9/3-7
A set of practical hands-on training on WIM/WAM software to learn how
to visualize and analyze satellite data images will be conducted during
the course. By the end of the course, trainees are expected to obtain
knowledge and skill on; how to obtain, process and analyze satellite
data images of chlorophyll-a concentration and SST.Contents:
- Basic exercise on WIM/WAM Material (PDF)
- Familiarizing with satellite data distribution system Material (PDF)
- Visualizing and projecting satellite data images
Material 1 (PDF)
Material 2 (PDF)
- Command line programs for time series analysis Material 1 (PDF)
Material 2 (PDF)
- Match up analysis with sea truth measurement data Material (PDF)
- Time series analysis of NGSST data Material (PDF)